The ISO 16063 series of standards is concerned with methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers under both standard laboratory conditions and in the field. This part of the series describes the calibration of rectilinear vibration transducers by comparison. Although the standard mainly describes calibration using direct comparison to a standard calibrated by primary methods, the methods described can be applied between other levels in the calibration hierarchy. This part of the ISO 16063 series of standards provides detailed procedures for performing calibrations of rectilinear vibration transducers by comparison in the frequency range from 0,4 Hz to 10 kHz. It is primarily intended for those who are required to meet ISO standardised methods for the measurement of vibration under laboratory conditions, where the uncertainty of measurement is relatively small. It can also be used under field conditions, where the uncertainty of measurement may be relatively large. As such, the intended user group of this standard is wide, ranging from metrologists in mechanical vibration to technicians evaluating the vibration characteristics of a machine or structure, or human exposure to vibration. The key to the application of this standard is in the careful detailed specification and evaluation of measurement uncertainty, i.e., the error budget and computation of expanded uncertainty associated with the measurement of vibration. This part of ISO 16063 is particularly intended for those engaged in vibration measurements requiring traceability to primary national or international standards through a secondary, reference, working, or check standard (portable calibrator intended for field use) as defined in the BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP, and OIML International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology. The specifications for the instrumentation and the procedures given are intended to be used for calibration of rectilinear vibration transducers (with or without signal conditioning) to obtain the magnitude and (optionally) phase shift of the complex sensitivity at frequencies in the range of 0,4 Hz to 10 kHz. From knowledge of all significant sources of uncertainty affecting the calibration, the expanded uncertainty can be evaluated using the methods given in this standard. The standard also covers the assessment of uncertainties for calibrations performed using a check standard. Comparison calibrations made under this standard must suitably account for the environmental conditions of the reference transducer calibration. Transducer calibrations made under extreme environmental conditions are covered in other ISO standards.