These principles and guidelines provide a framework for the MRM process and are intended for use by Codex and countries3, as appropriate. They also provide guidance on the application of microbiological risk assessment (MRA) within the MRM process. Where specific recommendations apply only to Codex, or only to countries, this is so noted in the text. This document also provides useful guidance for other interested parties in implementing risk management options, such as industry4 and consumers who are involved in MRM on a day-to-day basis.